Page Comparison

Supply Chain Management Terms

Requisition System (pull system): the person who receives the supplies calculates the quantities of supplies required

Allocation System (push system): the person who issues the supplies calculates the quantities of supplies required

Program: Programs represent groups of commodities. One commodity can belong to only one program, while a single program typically covers multiple commodities. Programs are an important concept because often times commodities from different programs flow through different supply chains. Examples include family planning, HIV, or malaria

MOS: Month of StockMonths of Stock remaining. A facility with 3 MOS of coartem has 3 months of stock remaining, which means that if it is not resupplied within 3 months it will stockout.

AMC: Average Monthly Consumption. The average quantity of a product consumed in a given month. 

SO: Stock out

SOH: Stock on handHand

Adjustments: Quantities of stock issued to or received from other facilities at the same level of the pipeline. Also, adjustments may This refers to stock transferred across facilities at the same level in the supply chain, as opposed to received from a higher level. Adjustments may also be administrative corrections made to stock-keeping records e.g. when you count the same stock a second time and the numbers add up differently due to human error.

Losses: The quantity of stock removed from the pipeline for any reason other than consumption by clients or use at the service delivery point (due to expiration, theft, damage, etc.).

Order Fill Rate:  Percentage The percentage of orders filled fulfilled by a delivery. It is a measure of an inventory's ability to meet demand.

Lead Time: Difference between when an order is placed and when the resulting shipment is received.

Dispensed / Consumed: Given The quantity of stock given to customer, wasted, or discarded.

Usage: Similar to dispensed to user, except that it is used by the consumer but is not dispensed directly to them (i.e., laboratory reagents, HIV test kits, etc.).

Fulfillment: The act of fulfilling a customer order. Fulfillment includes order management, picking, packaging, and shipping.

Requisition System (Pull System): Supply chain system where the person who receives the supplies (usually the stock-keeper) calculates the quantities of supplies required. Four requisition actions are currently supported in CommTrack (see below).

Allocation System (Push System): Supply chain system where the person who issues the supplies calculates the quantities of supplies required by the stock-keepers.

Order Fulfillment: Order fulfillment encompasses everything that a company does from the moment an order for a product is received, to the customer (supply point) having their purchase in their hands. This would include: order management at the supplier's end, packaging, storage, pick-up and delivery.

Basic CommCare Supply Terms

Web User: All the users who have access to this the CommCare Supply project on CommTrack space on HQ and can view the web reports.

Mobile User: These All users who are the accounts for using CommTrack on a phone or tablet, also referred to as Mobile Workers (learn using the CommCare Supply application on mobile phones or tablets (Learn more about web & mobile users: CommCare Fundamentals - Web and Mobile UsersWorkers)

Facility, Location, Supply Point: Places where commodities are stocked. This could be a variety of thingslocations, including a service delivery point (e.g. clinic), a store, a central warehouse, a truck. , or even an extension worker who carries the commodities.

Consumption: The amount of commodity used, lost or damaged at a supply point. The verb 'consume' is not really used, presumably because it is less specific than issues+losses+adjustments.

Requisition System (pull system): Supply / Pull System: As noted earlier, this is a supply chain system where the person who receives the supplies (usually the stock-keeper) calculates the quantities of supplies required. Four requisition actions are currently supported in CommTrack.CommCare Supply:

1. 1. Request
      1. Your mobile agent user sends out SMS requesting replenishment for coartem: 'rec crt 100' or completes a requisition form on a mobile app.
   2. Approval
      1. You As the stock approver, you review the order, decides to approve it, and respond to your mobile agent: 'appr crt 100'
   3. Pack
      1. The warehouse person receives your notification and starts to pack coartem. Once he's done with that, the mobile agent user would receive an SMS (either from you or the warehouse person, depending on the workflow and usecase of your project) 'pk crt 100'
   4. Receipt
      
      1. Once coartems are packed and delivered to the mobile agentuser, he they would send out an SMS confirming the product and amount he received: 'rec crt 100'. If in the receipt SMS it says 'rec crt 80', that means there are were 20 unknown losses and you might want to look into that.

1. 1. 1. .

Location Hierarchy: This is NOT related to CommTrack CommCare Supply SMS. You would set location hierarchy if you have any of the following purposes:

1. 1. You are using the CommTrack CommCare Supply mobile app
   2. You have multiple mobile agents tracking multiple facilities in different districts, and you don't want the mobile agent in district A seeing or accidentally updating stock status in facilities in district B
   3. You want to have a map view of stock status, reporting status in different facilities
      
      

Advanced

CommCare Supply Terms

Stock Levels: You would only worry about this if:

1. 1. You are using CommTrack CommCare Supply mobile app
   2. You want to make better decisions when approving requisition from mobile agents instead of approving whatever they request.
   3. You want to have real-time data on stock status in each of the facilities, whether they are over-stocked, under-stocked, or adequate.

Low Stock Level (months): This is the level of stock at which actions to replenish inventory should occur under normal conditions. The minimum stock level should be expressed in months of stock (for example, the min level is 1 month of stock); it can then be converted to a quantity (for example, the min quantity is 30,000 units). The min stock level is fixed, whereas the quantity varies as consumption changes. Depending on the design of the max-min system, reaching the min may be the trigger for placing an order.

Emergency Level (months): This is the level of stock that triggers an emergency order; it can be reached at any point during the review period. It must be lower than the Low Stock Level.

Overstock Level (months): This is the level of stock above which inventory levels should not rise, under normal conditions. As with the min, the max stock level should also be set as a number of months of stock (for example, the max level may be set at 4 months of stock). It indicates how long supplies will last.

Scenario: So you set Emergency Level to 0.5 month, Low Stock Level to 1.5, Overstock Level to 3.0 months. You are delivering coartem to each facility on a monthly basis. Half a month ago you delivered coartem to all 8 facilities using CommTrack CommCare Supply mobile app. Now you go to CommTrack CommCare Supply web and visit the Inventory Report for each facility. If the column 'Remaining MOS' for coartem has a value lower than 0.5, that's an EMERGENCY and it means the facility would have a stock out before the next delivery is scheduled.

Consumption Settings: This returns history data for CommTrack to conduct You would only worry about this if you want to use the automatic consumption calculation feature. 

Minimum Transactions (Count): (i.e. 1) Mobile workers need to submit no less than the amount of forms before

CommCare Supply can conduct automatic consumption calculation or forecast future consumption rate. It must be bigger than 1.

Minimum Window for Calculation (Days) (i.e. 3) This means mobile workers need to submit data for at least 3 days before

CommCare Supply can calculate consumption automatically

Optimal Window for Calculation (Days) (i.e. 14) This means

mobile workers should submit form data for at least 14 days to serve as the historic data

Ledger: A ledger is always within a case. Think of a ledger as a fancy case property that stores one value per product (eg: receipts, stock level). So a typical CommCare Supply model is:

supply point (case)
  - ledger section (e.g. stock level)
      - product 1 amount
      - product 2 amount
  - ledger section (e.g. receipts)
      - product 1 amount
      - product 2 amount

Reference:

 http://www.freightquote.com/howtoship/freight-dictionary.aspx

USAID | DELIVER PROJECT,Task Order 1. 2011. The Logistics Handbook: A Practical Guide for the Supply Chain Management of Health Commodities. Arlington, Va.: USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, Task Order 1.
Second edition (First edition 1998)