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To manage larger data sets and questions to pull from, CommCareHQ allows you to define Lookup Tables that can be used in your forms for information that changes over the lifetime of your application, or is different for each user.  

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Below is a list of tips and tricks for managing your Lookup Tables in Excel.

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Managing large lookup tables efficiently

Sometimes when creating Lookup Tables, you can receive large source files with values in different fonts, all caps etc. This page describes a few tricks on how to make values easily all lower case, how to replace spaces by underscores etc. Below are a set of Excel formulas, with a description of what it does and how to use it.

Note: this tutorial assumes that you are using Excel in English. The names of the formulae are different in French.

How to turn all your text entries to first-letter capital for each word (ex: First_name Last_name)

=proper

Use: Converts words written in any format to words where the first letter is upper case and the rest is lower case. Example: CAPE TOWN > Cape Town

How: Add a column next to the column where all the values are, then in the first cell of the new column add =proper(cell number) and click enter (for 'cell number' click on the cell with the all caps value). Drag the corner right little box from the cell down so that all values from the all caps column will be converted.

When clicking on the new value, you'll notice that the value of the cell is still the formula. Select the first cell and then click ctrl+shift+down arrow (this will select all values in this column) and click ctrl+c to copy the selection. Then right click and choose 'paste values' under paste options. This eliminates the formula so that you are only left with the values you want (i.e., the text in the desired format).

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Note: For words that are already properly formatted (ex: Johannesburg in the example above), no change is applied. Note as well that "cape town" turns to Cape Town.

How to quickly format all your text entries to all caps:

=upper

Use: Converts words written in any format to all caps. Example: Cape Town > CAPE TOWN

How: Add a column next to the original words/text. Use the formula =UPPER(cell number) in the new column and click enter. Drag down the formula to replicate this for all your text. 

When clicking on the new value, you'll notice that the value of the cell is still the formula. Select the first cell and then click ctrl+shift+down arrow (this will select all values in this column) and click ctrl+c to copy the selection. Then right click and choose 'paste values' under paste options. This eliminates the formula so that you are only left with the values you want (i.e., the text in the desired format).

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How to quickly format all your text entries to lower case:

=lower

Use: Converts words written in any format to all lower case. Example: Cindy Jones > cindy jones

How: Add a column next to the original words/text. Use the formula =LOWER(cell number) in the new column and click enter. Drag down the formula to replicate this for all your text. 

When clicking on the new value, you'll notice that the value of the cell is still the formula. Select the first cell and then click ctrl+shift+down arrow (this will select all values in this column) and click ctrl+c to copy the selection. Then right click and choose 'paste values' under paste options. This eliminates the formula so that you are only left with the values you want (i.e., the text in the desired format).

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How to quickly delete unwanted spaces:

=trim

Use: For when you receive a list of names/places where there is a space before the first word or after the final word. Example " cindy jones " (notice the space before 'cindy' and after 'jones'. The TRIM function will yield "cindy jones"

How: Add a column next to the original words/text. Use the formula =TRIM(cell number) in the new column and click enter. Drag down the formula to replicate this for all your text. 

When clicking on the new value, you'll notice that the value of the cell is still the formula. Select the first cell and then click ctrl+shift+down arrow (this will select all values in this column) and click ctrl+c to copy the selection. Then right click and choose 'paste values' under paste options. This eliminates the formula so that you are only left with the values you want (ie, the text in the desired format).

Note: TRIM only deletes spaces before or at the end a full string of text. It will not eliminate common/accurate spaces such as the space between a first and last name.

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Combining the above formulas: (ex: to eliminate unnecessary spaces AND to format upper/lower case)

=UPPER(TRIM(cell number)) or =LOWER(TRIM(cell number)) or =PROPER(TRIM(cell number))

Use: Do the steps above more quickly!

How: Add a column next to the original words/text. Use the formula =UPPER(TRIM(cell number)) in the new column and click enter. Drag down the formula to replicate this for all your text. 

*the bolded UPPER can be modified to reflect what you actually want.

When clicking on the new value, you'll notice that the value of the cell is still the formula. Select the first cell and then click ctrl+shift+down arrow (this will select all values in this column) and click ctrl+c to copy the selection. Then right click and choose 'paste values' under paste options. This eliminates the formula so that you are only left with the values you want (ie, the text in the desired format).

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How to turn spaces into underscore (necessary for uploading your lookup tables into CommCare HQ)

Use: It is recommended that before you upload your lookup table into CommCare HQ that you eliminate the spacing between the words. Example: marie france > marie_france

How: (numbered steps correspond to the images below)

1. Select the column(s) where the data are located. Then click "Ctrl + F" to show the "Find" box. Go to the tab "Replace" and in the "Find what:" entry box, type a space.

2. In the "Replace with:" entry box, type an underscore "_"

3. Click "Replace all."

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How to quickly append text/numbers to the end a text:

=CONCATENATE

Use: Imagine that you have a list of districts and another list of villages. Some of the districts have the exact same name as the villages (Ex: District: Bambara, which contains a village also called Bambara). CommCare will require you to distinguish which of the "Bambara" is a village and which is a district. For this example, we will append "_vil" to the end of each village name. 

How: Create a column next to the one containing the words you want to append. Use =CONCATENATE(cell number, "what you want to append"). In this case, we appended _vil. 

When clicking on the new value in the column "Appended Village", you'll notice that the value of the cell is still the formula. Select the first cell and then click ctrl+shift+down arrow (this will select all values in this column) and click ctrl+c to copy the selection. Then right click and choose 'paste values' under paste options. This eliminates the formula so that you are only left with the values you want (ie, the text in the desired format).

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How to quickly eliminate duplicate entries from your Lookup list:

Use: To link villages to districts, you need one row per village. But because multiple villages can belong to a single district, this means as a result that you will have several rows where your district is repeated. CommCare will require a separate list for districts and a separate one for villages. For that reason, you will want to eliminate all the duplicate districts from your Excel spreadsheet.

How: (numbered steps correspond to the images below)

1.. Select the columns containing duplicate data. Click "Data" on the toolbar, then click "Remove Duplicates"

2.. Make sure that you select that your data has headers (if it does), and that you have selected the entire column. Click OK. 

3.. You will see a message box with the number of duplicate values that have been removed and the number remaining.

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If you want to be able to see which duplicate values were removed

1. In a new tab, copy - paste your original column with duplicates into column A

2. Copy - paste your new cleaned up column into column B

3. In column C, enter the following countif equation: "=COUNTIF(B1:B800, A1)"

4. In any row that has the value "2" in column C, the column A value is a duplicate

How to (very) quickly fill in a column with a value or a formula:

If you want to quickly pull down a single value, you can double click (don’t drag) on the bottom right corner and the value will fill in bellow for all rows where there is information next to it.  

The RED X shows you were to double click. 

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AND the same thing can be done with Functions!  But don't forget to copy and paste value once you've created a column of functions. 

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In-Form Lookup Table Querying

Lookup table data can be referenced in forms in ways other than as potential selection choices. This provides a quick example to show you how.

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Add the sample table

Download the attached Excel File and upload the file into your project space.

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Afterwards you should have the following lookup table available:

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Copy the example form

Copy the following text with your web browser and paste it into the tree pane of a CommCare HQ form builder form:

Form Builder clip	version 1
id	type	labelItext:en-default	appearance	calculateAttr	instances	relevantAttr
/fruit_counter	Group	Fruit Counter	null	null	null	null
/fruit_counter/what_kinds_of_fruit_do_you_want_to_count	Select	What kinds of fruit do you want to count?	null	null	null	null
/fruit_counter/what_kinds_of_fruit_do_you_want_to_count/citrus	Choice	Citrus	null	null	null	null
/fruit_counter/what_kinds_of_fruit_do_you_want_to_count/berry	Choice	Berry	null	null	null	null
/fruit_counter/there_are	Trigger	"There are <output value=""#form/fruit_counter/count"" /> matching fruits in the lookup table"	minimal	null	null	not(#form/fruit_counter/what_kinds_of_fruit_do_you_want_to_count = '')
/fruit_counter/count	DataBindOnly	null	null	count(instance('item-list:fruit')/fruit_list/fruit[type = #form/fruit_counter/what_kinds_of_fruit_do_you_want_to_count])	{}	null

Afterwards, you should see these questions added into your form:

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Test It Out

You will need to be logged in as a mobile user to test the form, either on a mobile phone or by using the Login As feature in live preview to choose a mobile user.

Once you've loaded the form, you should be able to choose a filter, and see an up-to-date count of how many items from the lookup table match the filter.

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Understand

The lookup table querying is done inside of the #form/count Hidden Value calculation:

^{count(instance('item-list:fruit')/fruit_list/fruit[type = #form/fruit_counter/what_kinds_of_fruit_do_you_want_to_count])}

This shows how the lookup table can be queried with xpath syntax by starting expressions with the following root, with filters applied for additional logic

^{instance('item-list:fruit')/fruit_list/fruit}

For example, to print a list of the names of all citrus fruits instead, you could use the expression

^{join(" ", instance('item-list:fruit')/fruit_list/fruit[type = 'citrus']/name)}

Experiment

Once you've loaded the form, you can use the Data Preview XPath Evaluator to experiment with different expressions, and see the data live. 

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This tool is especially helpful for experimenting with lookup table queries because it can display for you the intermediate outputs of the filters, which can be a big help when debugging more complex expressions.

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NOTE - In order for you to be able to reference a lookup table from this tool, your form needs to already contain at least one reference to the lookup table in another expression (calculation, display condition, selection choices, etc) for the form to be connected to the table. You can see the lookup tables connected to your current form by typing "instance" into the tool and seeing what autocompletes.

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Setup a Form to Display a Random Question from Lookup Table

This section will walk through an example of setting up a form that will display a random yes/no question from a lookup table.  This is useful for asking randomized questions for doing knowledge assessment, or to send random behavior change communication out (for example, using CommCare Messaging).  

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First set up the following table using the section on creating tables. Set up the table so that they are available for all mobile workers in the project.  

random_question

This table has two categories of questions - this corresponds to two different random questions that we will include in our form. 

Including Lookup Table Information in the Form

Once we've defined a lookup table, we need to reference it in our form.  This is done by adding an "instance" line that references the name of the table.  You can place this above any existing instance tags in your form.  

You can choose any word for the id="__" portion.  This is how you'll reference your lookup table in the rest of the form.  For the src="jr://fixture/item-list:____" section, you must specify the Table ID that you created the table with.  

Selecting a Random Question

First, lets add two select question to the form  for each of our random questions.  

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Next ,we need to add 3 hidden values per random question we want to ask. These are used for selecting a random question, storing the ID of the selected random question and storing the actual question text of the random question.  Add the following hidden values as shown below.

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Now we'll add calculate conditions to each of the hidden values, starting with those for the planting random question.  

In the planting_question_num hidden value, add the following calculate condition: 

This calculation looks a bit complicated, but it basically checks the number of questions in the fertilizer category, and randomly picks a number between 1 and the number of questions.   

Note: You may get a notice saying that the expression was too complex to validate.  You can just hit "Ok" as this is expected when using lookup tables.  

In the planting_question_id hidden value, add the following calculate condition:

This calculation makes sure that a planting_question_num has been calculated, then stores the question_id for the randomly chosen question. 

In the planting_question_text hidden value, add the following calculate condition:

This calculation is similar to the previous one, but instead of storing the code, it stores the actual question text to be displayed. 

Next, we will change the label for the the "Planting Random Question" select question to just display the text of the selected question, using an <output value="..." /> statement.  Change the label as is shown below.

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You can now setup similar calculations and labels for fertilizer calculations and question.  You will just need to change the question_category to "fertilizer" instead of planting in any calculations.   

Testing an application with Lookup Tables

In order to test the conditional select options and other logic works in the application, you must sign on as a mobile user and submit 'real' data to the server. 

1. Generic User: Create a generic user called "dimagi" or "demo" and update the fixture specifically for this user - populating all the conditional select options with the same 'dimagi' or 'demo'. As long as the partner is aware of the use case, they will be able to filter out this user in reports. During training, mobile users will sign onto CommCare and submit live 'practice' data. Work with the partner to specify a date where all data submitted to CommCare HQ is considered actual data for program purposes. This should be made clear to the FLWs and to the data analyst/M&E officer.

2. Training Application: Copy the final application - remove the conditional select options from the application. This app can be used during training as a training application and the users can enter data in demo mode.

3. No SIM: If the partner has not secured SIM cards for the phones prior to training, install CommCare on all the phones. Use one SIM card to restore the user or practice user ('dimagi' or 'demo') to all phones. The phone will update according to the latest fixture item list on HQ. Remove the SIM. The conditional select options will work on the phones and the data will not be submitted to the CommCare HQ. 

Setup a Question with Filtered Choices

This section will walk through an example of setting up a form that both displays conditional options in lists (list of districts from chosen state) and has options that are specific to each user. 

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First setup the following two tables using the Creating and Updating Lookup Tables section.  You can use whichever mobile workers or groups that you have in your project.  

state: 

district: 

Our sample creates two tables (state and district).  The district table has three fields (id, name and state_id).  The state_id will be used to filter the list of districts based on the selected state.   The following image shows our final setup.   

Create a Multiple Choice/Checkbox Question Based on a Lookup Table

NOTE: Lookup tables referenced in Multiple Choice or Checkbox questions should not have values with spaces in them. This can cause data issues in your app. Please define the values in the lookup tables without spaces.

To create a multiple choice or checkbox question based on a lookup table, first add the question to your form.

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In our example, we'll add two multiple choice lookup table questions, "state" and "district".

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Now go to "Lookup Table Data" and select the correct lookup table and value and label fields. When inputting the value and labels an autocomplete widget will show you valid options for these fields.  

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If you were to test this application, you'd see the first question displays a list of all states and the second question displays a list of all districts (irrespective of the selected state).  To filter the district list, we need to add a filter condition to the choices. 

Filtering the Choices

To filter the set of choices, you can use the 'Filter Option' under 'Lookup Table Data' (similar to the expressions used when defining Display Logic or Calculations in your form).  In our example, we'll filter the District item list based on the selected state.  Our district table contains a field called "state_id".  The values in this match the value specified for the state question.

The left option will show an autocomplete widget to help you pick a lookup table attribute and the right option will allow you to drag a question from the question tree. 

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Loading a lookup table value into a hidden value instead of a multiple choice/checkbox question

Sometimes you'll want to pull information from a lookup table into a hidden value. For example, from the example above, you want to save another case property called "project_name" and after the user selects a district, you already know which project it falls under. You create a hidden value question under the district question and name it "project_name". Then you create the following lookup table:

project:

In the hidden value you'll enter the following calculation: instance('item-list:project')/project_list/project[id = /data/district ]/project_name. Depending on what the user chooses for district, the value for "project_name" will be either 'nutrition' or 'agriculture'. From the formula, the first 3 'project' refers to the lookup table name. 'id' is the value from the column in the lookup table that is matched with the question 'district', which has '/data/district' path in the form. The last part of the formula is 'project_name' and will be the value taken from the same named lookup table column and loaded into the hidden value. 

How to enter your own value using an 'other' option

There might be times where you want to give the option to enter a location or value that might not be in the lookup table. You can do so by adding an 'other' option to your district table and a text question to your form that will only be displayed when the 'other' option is selected. The following steps will show you how to do so.

Using the example above, we want to allow the user to enter a district that is not in the lookup table. To do so, you can add an ‘other’ field to the district lookup table:

You then proceed to create the form like you did above:

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Once the locations are set up, you need to add another filter to the lookup table question in the form. This filter will be based on the district ID, so the first field should be set to ‘id’. The second field should be set to ‘is equal’. And the third field should be set to ‘other’. We also want this option to occur only when ‘other’ is selected, so we also need to change the ‘Result is’ field to be ‘True when ANY of the expressions are true.” Be sure to save the expression once you are done!

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After saving the new expression and returning to the question properties page, you should see the full expression:

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Now you just need to add another text question to the form that will be displayed only when ‘other’ is selected:

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Now when your users select ‘other' for the district, they will be able to proceed to another question that will allow them to enter the district name. 

Testing an application with lookup tables

In order to test the filtered choices and other logic works in the application, you must sign on as a mobile user and submit 'real' data to the server.  If you see an error when opening the form that states "Could not find an appropriate fixture for src: jr://fixture/item-list:table_name" you have not properly setup your lookup tables. 

1. Sync your application. Some users have reported this error with large lookup tables that have not properly downloaded which choosing "Update Commcare" from the menu. Run the sync to ensure all assets are properly downloaded to the device

2. Make sure that the current user has lookup table rows assigned to them (https://dimagi.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/commcarepublic/pages/2143955074/Lookup+Tables#Creating-and-Updating-Lookup-Tables).

3. Alternatively, setup your lookup table so that it is available for all users (For the lookup table, set it up so that it is "Visible to All Users" by clicking Edit Type). 

4. Once you've done this, make sure you've synced your phone. 

If you run into issues testing your app with lookup tables, try to Clear user data. After you sync your phone if the lookup table still is not working, you may need to clear user data and log-in again. To do this, go to the login screen and click on Settings. After the Settings screen shows up, click the menu button, and select the first option, "Clear User Data." This will clear the username and force you to re-enter login credentials. Once you log in again, the new or edited table should be accessible to your user.

Training an application with lookup tables

1. Generic User: Create a generic user called "dimagi" or "demo" and update the table specifically for this user - populating all the conditional select options with the same 'dimagi' or 'demo'. As long as the partner is aware of the use case, they will be able to filter out this user in reports. During training, mobile users will sign onto CommCare and submit live 'practice' data. Work with the partner to specify a date where all data submitted to CommCare HQ is considered actual data for program purposes. This should be made clear to the FLWs and to the data analyst/M&E officer.

2. Training Application: Copy the final application - remove the conditional select options from the application. This app can be used during training as a training application and the users can enter data in demo mode.

3. No SIM: If the partner has not secured SIM cards for the phones prior to training, install CommCare on all the phones. Use one SIM card to restore the user or practice user ('dimagi' or 'demo') to all phones. The phone will update according to the latest lookup table on HQ. Remove the SIM. The conditional select options will work on the phones and the data will not be submitted to the CommCare HQ.

Factors contributing to form's performance using LookUp Table : 

In many cases, your Lookup table may scale up to a point where it starts to make your form inefficient for user to use. Lookup tables tend to deteriorate the user experience in such scenarios. 

• Number of rows in a lookup table plays a major role in deciding the form's performance while user navigates to the question using that Lookup Table.

• Performace of form loading as well as form navigation is independent of size of data in each column of the table. It is also independent of number of Lookup Table type questions have been setup in the form. 

• You can improve the performance of by indexing a lookup table or using other techniques like using Combo Box for appearance attribute of single-select type lookup table.

Using Lookup Tables with Multiple Languages

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1. Modify the 

state sheet to add the list of states with each language.  We'll also need to modify this sheet's columns to include the additional language information.  You will need to add columns for each language supported.  The example below includes two languages, but you can add additional columns titled name: lang X and field: name X for more languages.  

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In order to test the filtered choices and other logic works in the application, you must sign on as a mobile user and submit 'real' data to the server.  If you see an error when opening the form that states "Could not find an appropriate fixture for src: jr://fixture/item-list:table_name" you have not properly setup your lookup tables (make sure you did tap the blue button in the app menu "sync with server" before going into the form as this can give the same error message. When you sync, the updated lookup table(s) will be downloaded to your device). 

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Calculating the Z-Score

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